Brazilian Journal of Population Studies

Exploring Gender Inequality in Brazilian States: Construction and Analysis of the Gender Gap Index

2024-05-20T16:54:49-03:00

This study estimates and analyzes the level of gender inequality in each Brazilian state for the years 2014 and 2018 using the Brazilian States Gender Gap Index (IGG-BR). The index comprises four dimensions: Education, Health, Political Empowerment, and Economic Participation and Opportunity. The findings reveal the presence of gender inequalities among states, along with a reduction over the years, primarily driven by increases in the sub-indices of Economic Participation and Opportunity and Political Empowerment. Overall, the Northern and Northeastern states exhibited greater gender equality compared to the Southern and Southeastern states.

Spatial distribution of population and forest cover in extractive reserves in the Amazon biome, Brazil

2024-08-24T10:43:56-03:00

This study relates spatial measures of forest cover with measures of the spatial distribution of the population in the 31 Extractive Reserves (ERs) within the Amazon biome, Brazil, 2010. We integrated layers of information on the ERs, forest cover, and spatial distribution of the population in a Geographic Information System. We produced 24 variables in three groups: 1) Population, 2) External Conditions (both as predictor variables); and 3) Land Cover (predicted variables). We assessed whether predictor variables are correlated with forest cover and forest fragmentation variables. Linear regression analyses based on cooperative game theory were conducted to understand the significance of the predictor variables in predicting the number of forest fragments and the percentage of forest cover in the models. We found that the size, concentration, dispersion, and geometry of the population contributed to understand deforestation as well as the landscape structure. However, forest fragmentation and forest cover extent are not necessarily defined by the same population aspects. The models suggest that forest cover change is driven mostly by the population concentration on the ER, while the forest fragmentation is highly shaped by the population dispersion. The role of external conditions (surrounding forests and protected areas) was also relevant. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating forest spatial distribution measures into the Population and Environment research, beyond the usual forest extent focus. It also shows the significance of working with spatial demographic variables, extending beyond the conventional approach centered on population size.

MOBILIDADE E OCUPAÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO IDOSA NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELO HORIZONTE/MG

2024-07-10T08:51:20-03:00

In recent decades, the demographic transition process in Brazil has witnessed a remarkable surge in the elderly population, presenting a myriad of challenges for territorial planning and management. This study delves into the intricate realm of spatial mobility, particularly focusing on commuting patterns, within this shifting demographic landscape. The central hypothesis under scrutiny is whether the ageing trajectory of the American populace has engendered a palpable rise in the absolute and relative labour mobility among the elderly cohort, even encompassing those who have already retired. This surge, it is argued, largely stems from the dynamic alterations rippling through the labour market and the social security apparatus. The primary objective of this scholarly inquiry is to meticulously scrutinize the magnitude of commuting activity among the elderly denizens dwelling in the expansive Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region. Additionally, the study aims to dissect the occupational categories prevalent within these commuting circuits, with a keen focus on the participation of retired individuals. To this end, exhaustive analysis is conducted utilizing microdata sourced from the comprehensive demographic censuses of 2000 and 2010. The crux of the investigation lies in the identification of origin-destination matrices, meticulously delineated based on the municipality of residence, work, and/or study of the elderly populace, stratified into employed and/or retired cohorts. The findings of this study paint a vivid portrait of a burgeoning trend, with a noteworthy uptick in commuting activities among the elderly denizens residing in the various municipalities dotting the region's landscape. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of these commuters are found to be gainfully employed, even among those who have transitioned into retirement. Notably, the proportion of retired individuals among the commuting elderly cohort approaches nearly 30 percent, with certain municipalities witnessing this figure soar well past the halfway mark.

Estimating depression-free life expectancy in the hearing-impaired population in Brazil

2024-06-09T19:17:40-03:00

The deaf population is more exposed to depression. According to the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census, around 10 million people have some degree of hearing impairment. Brazil also leads the ranking of depression among middle-income countries. The prevalence of mental diseases in the Brazilian deaf population is still an understudied topic. This study aims to quantify the impact of depression on the life expectancy of the Brazilian population with hearing impairment. Young women with severe hearing impairment are the population group that demands special attention due to the strong effect of depression on life expectancy. It might also be possible that men have an underestimated prevalence of depression, which could mask their number of years lived without depression. Targeted public policies are advised in order to ease communication barriers between patients, physicians, and other health professionals through fluency in Brazilian Sign Language and knowledge of Deaf culture and their special needs.

O fenômeno do envelhecimento e o sujeito da velhice na obra de Simone de Beauvoir

2025-01-20T16:27:15-03:00

Resenha de BEAUVOIR, Simone de. A Velhice. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 2024. (Reedição da obra)

Trends in Interracial Unions in Brazil between 2002 and 2022: anything new?

2024-09-04T21:56:32-03:00

Using data from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios for the years 2002, 2007, 2012, 2017, and 2022, this study analyzes the overall patterns of interracial unions in Brazil, taking into account regional differences and the educational distance between partners. The objective is to analyze whether patterns of interracial unions have changed or remained consistent in a context of significant changes in racial relations, such as the valorization of Black culture and the implementation of affirmative actions. The findings indicate an increase in interracial union rates until 2002, followed by a stabilization in these rates thereafter. Important differences emerge when considering specific racial combinations, such as the rise in brown and black homogamy rates. Regional differences highlight the impact of local racial distribution and local specificities of racial classification and racial tolerance. The data also provide evidence supporting the status exchange hypothesis, where the darker-skinned partner tends to have a higher educational level. However, this may not necessarily indicate an intentional trade but rather reflect how marital preferences operate. These results are preliminary and descriptive, serving to generate hypotheses and underscore the need for further research on this topic.