Estimação da expectativa de vida remanescente livre de ansiedade/depressão na Argentina: tendências e decomposição da mudança demográfica, 2005-2018
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20947/S0102-3098a0199Palavras-chave:
Expectativas de vida saudável, Conceitos matemáticos, Envelhecimento, Saúde mental, ArgentinaResumo
Esta pesquisa apresentou estimativas de expectativa de vida livre de ansiedade/depressão para a população adulta (uma expectativa de saúde) na Argentina e observou sua evolução durante o período 2005-18. Dado que as expectativas de vida e de saúde estão fortemente correlacionadas, também se decompõem as mudanças destas últimas ao longo do tempo para estabelecer não apenas quais componentes causam sua variação, mas também quais faixas etárias contribuíram mais para estas mudanças. Foram analisados dados transversais da presença de sintomas de ansiedade/depressão utilizando ondas múltiplas (2005, 2009, 2013 e 2018) da Pesquisa Nacional de Fatores de Risco (ENFR) da Argentina e calculou-se uma série de expectativas de vida livres de ansiedade/depressão (condicionadas às pessoas que chegaram aos 20 anos), utilizando o método Sullivan. Em seguida, aplicamos uma técnica de decomposição do algoritmo stepwise para determinar se a mudança na expectativa de saúde decorreu de uma mudança em termos de mortalidade ou uma em termos de morbidade. Obteve-se que as expectativas de saúde aumentaram entre 2005 e 2013 e diminuíram de 2013 a 2018. Esta variação foi maior para o sexo feminino, em que a mudança na morbidade foi responsável por quase toda a melhoria antes de 2013. A decomposição também sugeriu que o impacto líquido sobre a morbidade seria ainda maior se não fosse por um aumento na expectativa de vida geral durante no período 2013-18, com declínio na expectativa de saúde de 1 ano para homens e 1,7 ano para mulheres, o qual foi impulsionado, principalmente, pelas faixas etárias mais jovens. Ainda não está claro se essa mudança negativa é transitória ou o início de uma nova tendência de saúde mental para a população da Argentina.
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