Estimación de la esperanza de vida libre de ansiedad/depresión en Argentina: tendencias y descomposición del cambio demográfico, 2005-2018
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https://doi.org/10.20947/S0102-3098a0199Palabras clave:
Esperanzas de vida saludable, Conceptos matemáticos, Envejecimiento, Salud mental, ArgentinaResumen
Este estudio presentó estimaciones de la esperanza de vida libre de ansiedad o depresión (esperanza de vida saludable) para la población adulta de Argentina y observó su evolución durante el período 2005-2018. Debido a que la esperanza de vida y la esperanza de vida saludable son indicadores fuertemente correlacionados, también se descompuso el cambio de esta última en el tiempo para determinar no sólo qué componente causó su variación, sino también qué grupos etarios contribuyeron a dicho cambio. Se analizaron datos transversales de la presencia de trastornos de ansiedad o depresión utilizando ondas múltiples (2005, 2009, 2013 y 2018) de la Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo (ENFR) de Argentina, y se calculó una serie de esperanzas de vida libres de ansiedad o depresión (condicional a los veinte años de edad) usando el método Sullivan. Luego se aplicó una técnica de descomposición algorítmica stepwise) para establecer si el cambio en la esperanza de vida saludable se debió a un cambio en la mortalidad o en la morbilidad. Se obtuvo que durante el período 2005-2013 la esperanza de vida saludable aumentó pero que se redujo en 2013-2018. Esta variación fue mayor para las mujeres, entre las que casi la totalidad de las mejoras en el período se debieron a cambios en la morbilidad. La descomposición sugirió que el impacto neto de la morbilidad hubiese sido aun mayor de no mediar un incremento en la esperanza de vida durante 2013 y 2018, con reducciones en la esperanza de vida saludable de un año para los hombres y 1,7 años para las mujeres, causadas principalmente por los grupos de edad más jóvenes. No está claro aún si este cambio negativo es un fenómeno transitorio o si es el comienzo de una tendencia negativa en la salud mental de la población Argentina.
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